Does Acupuncture Work?

Does Acupuncture Work?

Do you suffer from chronic pain? Maybe acupuncture is just what the doctor ordered. Millions of people say that acupuncture has alleviated their suffering and boosted their bodies, but others insist that it's more rooted in belief than scientific fact. Is acupuncture really the cure for what ails you, or does it only turn you into a human pincushion?

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Regarding Argument
Those Who Question Scientific Basis Have Not Done Their Homework
- From Bill Reddy
Yes Side
By Bill Reddy - American Association of Acupuncture...

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  • thoughtcounts Z
    What constitutes scientific basis

    The number of articles in PubMed mentioning the word acupuncture has nothing whatsoever to do with the scientific consensus on acupuncture. (There are almost as many articles containing the word "heroin," for example, but I doubt you would accept that as evidence of heroin's curative powers.) You say, "That doesn’t mean ALL of the articles are favorable toward acupuncture, but it demonstrates that there is a significant amount of research on the topic." Yes, fine, but what does the research say? That's what actually matters.

    You criticize studies done by MDs with only 200 hours of training in acupuncture. I have two areas of questions about this. First, how much training would you say is sufficient? 200 hours seems like a long time -- what is it that can't be conveyed or learned in that length of training? On a related note, how much training does a typical acupuncturist have before starting a practice? Second, what portion of these tests were performed by doctors you consider insufficiently trained? How do their results compare to those obtained by MDs who you would consider adequately trained, or who used trained acupuncturists in their studies?

    - thoughtcounts ZUS September 4, 2008 11:12AM

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    • Aurora
      200 hours doesn't even scratch the surface

      I absolutely disagree with MD's with only 200 hours of training being the "definitive source of judgement" on the efficacy of acupuncture. Acupuncture, like many branches of medicine, has levels and depths of knowledge, training, experience and understanding. As well as a wide variety of styles and modalities. For example there is a vast difference between simple ear & hand acupuncture, and Classical Five-Element Acupuncture. Just as there is a difference between going to a Nurse Practioner to treat a simple cold, and going to a cardiologist for heart surgery.

      My husband has both a Master's Degree in Traditional Oriental Medicine from PCOM, as well as an additional full year certification from The Institute of Classical Five-Element Acupuncture, and certification from the University of Chengdu in China, and is a Dipl. OM from NCCAOM. And a Bachelor's in Psychology. This means that he has studied "medicine" for 7+ years, and specifically studied and trained in Oriental Medicine and Acupuncture for 3+ of those years. All before being sucessfully in practice. And I wouldn't even begin to consider him an "expert". Rather there are those who have even more years of education and training and practice experience that he defers to and still learns from at the Worsley Institute.

      So, for MDs, or anyone else, not fully trained and educated in all of the history, foundations, theory, and practical application of Traditional Oriental Medicine, and the wide variety of styles of Acupuncture, to just take a 200 hour course and then be allowed to make definitive judgements and be considered an expert, is ludicrous.

      That would be like having a Massage Therapist, pass judgement on the efficacy of a cardiology treatment.

      - Aurora September 12, 2008 8:38AM

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      • thoughtcounts Z
        Moving the goalposts

        What do we mean when we say "acupuncture"? Presumably, acupuncture is what you get when you go to see an acupuncturist. What are they doing? Somehow I doubt that every acupuncturist you can find in the phone book has a decade or more of training, or whatever is enough to be considered an expert in your eyes.

        I have no problem with the idea that only trained experts can perform acupuncture correctly. I was asking for information about what it takes to be considered an expert. Clearly the better formulation of an experiment is not for a medical researcher to try to learn acupuncture hastily and then do it themselves, but rather to observe acupuncturists in the lab. I was asking about what proportion of studies involved hastily-trained MDs compared to the proportion that used trained acupuncturists, because calling out a small minority of poorly formulated studies in order to condemn the entirety of research on the topic is a very fallacious way of arguing.

        - thoughtcounts ZUS September 14, 2008 11:04AM

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        • Aurora
          "Expert Requirements"

          Hi Z - while it is true that not "every acupuncturist in the phone book" has the extensive decade or more of training and experience in the US, there are still plenty of those that do have the credentials I personally consider to be requirements. The very minimum would be having passed the testing and required clinicals for status as a Diplomate of T.O.M or of Acupuncture, from the NCCAOM. I also think a minimum of a Master's Degree in Oriental Medicine is important, as well as 5 years in practice, and critical peer review, and continuing education, before one is qualified to be used as an acupuncturist in a study of the efficacy of acupuncture. But those are just my personal opinions. Also, while there are not as many who would qualify here in the US, there are thousands who do in Asia, and in Europe.

          The problem has never been that there aren't enough qualified acupuncturists to conduct a study, but rather that there have not been enough studies done, and done well. Much like we know very little about Women's health compared to men's because the vast majority of studies have been done on men. Until only recently we really didn't even understand the vast differences between men and women related to the most studied illness out there - Heart Disease.

          Unfortunately, the very nature of "scientific medical studies" for all their posturing, is a nature of bias and blind discrimination. Which makes it a fairly easy and comfortable position for those who disparage or deny the efficacy of alternative medicines to just sit back and say "Where's the evidence? Where's the "respectable believable data", when they all know very well that there isn't much we can point to, not because it doesn't work, but because the studies don't exist yet. And they don't exist yet because no one has had the financial incentive to do the studies. Just the opposite, Western Medicine has every reason to refute, repress, and refuse to examine in an unbiased and fair manner the benefits of alternatives that take money out of their pockets. And the "Journals" that represent that powerful Bloc, have no reason to publish or support any studies that encourage competition.

          And frankly, only in recent history (very recent mostly still in progress and waiting to be published) have studies been done, and are still being done. So the body of "acceptable" evidence is new, emerging, growing, and that takes TIME. And then when the studies are published those who wish to dispute our validity will still do so, just by claiming the studies are not legitimate "enough". Meanwhile, Western Medicine will continue to do harm in the name of healing, and Pharmaceutical companies will continue to claim that their medicines are "proven in clincial studies" to be effective, only to have to recall them 5 years later, and battle class-action lawsuits against those they have harmed or killed.

          Since it is only these kinds of "studies" that are considered acceptable, I would have to say this whole argument of "where's the evidence" is a total farce.

          Someday these people will accept that the world is round, men landed on the moon, the earth circles the sun, and acupuncture works. Until then, we will just keep healing our patients and not really caring about the detractors who have an agenda and a closed-mind.

          - Aurora September 19, 2008 11:13AM

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      • JJM
        Argument without basis.

        Aurora wrote "My husband has ..."

        Where is the reliable evidence that anything has or does actually works. Anecdote and testimonial do not count. Why argue? Just present the data ...


        - JJMUS September 18, 2008 3:18PM

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        • Aurora
          There isn't a single "Study" that you would EVER acknowledge anyway

          You're determined to deny anything and everything, you don't want evidence, and you already know (as I stated above) that the bias in "science" has not allowed such studies to exist yet. The only thing "medical science" studies is ways to make more $$. If there is no money to be made by Western Medicine, then there is no funding for a study, and no study happens. We in alternative medicine are working on it now, at our own expense, our own associations and groups are funding and conducting studies. Not because we need to prove to ourselves that it works, but because without the studies we can't defend ourselves against those who not too long ago were the very ones using the leeches and bleeding people's feet. I find it hilarious that the very branch of medicine most known for using "Snake oil" and superstitions, is now attacking systems time honored and proven for 5000 years.

          Here are some studies, and then you can all continue on with your petty arguing, as Im certain you won't find any of these studies meet your "rigourous demands" anyway. I'm personally way to busy with our patients to continue in these discussions of discrimination any more.

          There are studies on the effectiveness of acupuncture on almost everything from cancer to HIV to allergies and gynecology on this web page for anyone who would like to see for themselves, I'm not posting all of them... http://acupuncture.com/research /#1

          http://acupuncture.com/newsletters/m_sept08/res.htm

          Study on Effects of Different Acupuncture Manipulation Methods at Neiguan (PC 6) on Hand Spasm in Stroke Patient

          Wang LC, et al. Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine of Hebei University of Medical Sciences, Cangzhou 061001, China. wanglichun1976@163.com


          Effect of Acupuncture at Three Acupoints of Eye on Bell’s Palsy

          Zhou CD, et al. Section of Rehabilitation, Guangdong Province Hospital of Integrated Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine, Foshan 528200, China. zcd401@126.com


          Here is a paper too long to paste here, so here is the citation, and here is the link for anyone who wishes to view it -
          http://www.liebertonline.com/doi/abs/10.1089 /acm.1996.2.79

          To cite this paper:
          George Thomas Lewith, Charles Vincent. The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine. February 1, 1996, 2(1): 79-90. doi:10.1089/acm.1996.2.79.

          Ok, I'm done here, this was a mildly amusing experience.

          - Aurora September 19, 2008 11:49AM

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          • JJM
            Unreliable citations

            Aurora,

            There is a hierarchy of the quality of magazines/journals that is well-established. Your citations lead to the lowest quality magazines. Long experience tells me that these publications are not worth reviewing/consulting.

            The question remains- can you cite "high quality" (that is, reliable) research in scientific journals concerning humans?

            - JJMUS September 19, 2008 12:59PM

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    • devinv
      200 hours

      200 hours is enough time to learn the basics of theory and how to not hurt anyone by needling their internal organs. By contrast, California requires a minimum of 3000 ( three thousand ) hours of training, of which about 1000 are clinic hours spent observing and practicing the medicine, and then a very hard exam. That is just what's required to practice legally. A new graduate is about as good a practitioner of chinese medicine as you were good at driving right after you got your license: you probably won't get anyone killed, but you've got a long way to go before you could be called an expert.

      - devinvUS September 18, 2008 11:34PM

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      • Aurora
        Exactly

        Well said Devinv!

        - Aurora September 19, 2008 11:52AM

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  • Adam Hammond
    Abstract

    Below is the abstract of the study cited by Bill Reddy:
    It is published in the Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine, http://www.jtcm.com/index.html
    Out of 13,000 articles, why would you choose to highlight this one?

    Ovulatory dysfunction is commonly seen in gynecology clinic. It may cause infertility, amenia, functional uterine bleeding and a variety of complications. This research according to TCM theory records treating with acupuncture 34 patients suffering from ovulatory dysfunction. Changes in clinical symptoms and some relative targets are reported, plus findings in animal experiments. The effect of acupuncture in improving ovulation and the rationale are discussed. According to TCM theory concerning the generative and physiologic axis of women, this research involved the following points: Ganshu (UB 18), Shenshu (UB 23), Guanyuan (Ren 4), Zhongji (Ren 3), and Sanyinjiao (Sp 6). The reinforcement and reduction of acupuncture enables it to strengthen liver and kidney. Through the Chong and Ren channels it nourishes uterus to adjust the patient's axis function and recover ovulation. Treated on an average of 30 times, the patients' symptoms improved to varying degrees. The marked effective rate was 35.29%, the total effective rate being 82.35%. BBT, VS, CMS, and B ultrasonic picture all improved to some degree. The results also showed that acupuncture may adjust FSH, LH, and E2 in two directions and raise the progesterone level, bringing them to normal. The animal experiments confirmed this result. Results showed that acupuncture may adjust endocrine function of the generative and physiologic axis of women, thus stimulating ovulation. The results of this research will provide some scientific basis for treating and further studying this disorder.

    - Adam HammondUS September 4, 2008 4:59PM

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    • JJM
      What is the point of pasting that abstract?

      Mr. Hammond, about the only thing a person can determine from that abstract is that the study had to few subjects to support any conclusion. It also appears that the study was not randomized and controlled, and, therefore, unblinded (although, they don't bother to mention those things). I could go on.

      R. Barker Bausell has authored an excellent book (Snake Oil Science) on what constitutes good research. He particularly focuses on acupuncture, and the fact that the best evidence shows it works no better than placebo.

      - JJMUS September 5, 2008 2:19AM

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      • Adam Hammond
        exactly

        My point in posting that abstract was to allow the people here to see the flawed nature of the study. Bill Reddy claims that there is tremendous evidence. He should show us some of it!

        - Adam HammondUS September 5, 2008 6:52AM

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      • AAPrescott
        Evidence Based Medicine

        If one is commited to the narrow principles of 'evidence based medicine' then you will probably never be convinced of the efficacy of traditional acupuncture. As a psychiatric nurse I know that there are many areas of orthodox medicine that can never be 100% verified by double blind placebo controlled trials.

        One problem often cited is that traditional acupuncture individualizes the treatment - many of us were quite surprised at the positive results in the trial of Pericardium 6 for post operative nausea because we do not expect one point done in every case to be effective.

        - AAPrescottUS September 11, 2008 3:50PM

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  • MrPogle
    RCTs please

    JJM - I agree that Snake Oil Science is an excellent book and from it (and a little common sense) we can ask for the following:

    Has there ever been a double blind placebo controlled trial of acupuncture with more that 100 participants per group, a low attrition rate, controlled for natural history which tests in one group all that constitutes a treatment (time spent with accupuncturist in 'consultation', maybe massage, relaxing to soft music etc) followed by the actual acupuncture, compared to:

    All of the above, including the acupuncture but where the acupuncture is performed on parts of the body that would be consistent with acupuncture but not actually on the meridians etc. specified with the condition?

    I admit that this would be difficult to double blind, but it does not rely on non-penetrating needles. and it is important to remember that any errors e.g. a patient knowing they are in the placebo group will work in favor of acupuncture being true.

    If anyone knows of any such trials, please post them along with a URL.

    - MrPogleUS September 8, 2008 2:09PM

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    • earthwater
      It's pointless

      I agree with AAPrescott above. Double-blind placebo controlled studies are pointless with regard to acupuncture. If 100 different patients with the same Western medical diagnosis come for real acupuncture, they will likely get 100 different treatments, because acupuncture does not treat the narrowly-defined condition, but instead treats the whole person according to the energetic configuration presented in the present moment; persons are as individual as snowflakes, and a particular configuration today is gone tomorrow. You can't run a double-blind study that way. The research has already been done for the past 3000 years at least, and it's called experiential research. My knee quit hurting, the degeneration reversed itself, and I don't need surgery anymore. And you want to say, "Prove it!" How pointless.

      - earthwater September 11, 2008 5:54PM

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      • MrPogle
        Yes you can test

        "but instead treats the whole person according to the energetic configuration presented in the present moment". And just how can this energy be measured or in any way independently observed?

        As for people being different, of course they are but the very fact that we can label something as "acupuncture" means that we have a repeatable process that can be measured against another. Make all the treatments unique, but take the one thing that is common to them all i.e. the actual needle insertion part and make a very minor change i.e. move them from so called meridians to ransom places and see what happens. Nothing in your post suggests this can't be done and if acupuncture really worked then it would pass this test with flying colors.

        If anyone replies to this, don't forget to answer the first point too!

        - MrPogleUS September 11, 2008 8:18PM

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        • AAPrescott
          Energy?

          In trying to answer your first point someone had already mentioned the studies of Becker and electrical properties of living organisms. But waxing a little philosophical I could point out that science (consensus) is suggesting that 90%+ of energy and matter in the universe seems to be missing - we believe it is there because otherwise the equations don't work but we haven't been able to detect it. The Chinese apparently discovered, and had a more accurate measurement of the circulation of blood well before Harvey why is it hard to believe that they discovered something else that we have not caught up with yet?

          Manfred Porkert has (controversialy) argued that Chinese Medicine is scientific. He suggests that quantitative measurement is easily agreed uupon. But qualitative measures present difficulty. But if there are principles (Yin/Yang, Five Phases) that are applied by different people who independently come up with consistent answers when applying those principles then those principles are scientific even though they do not lend themselves to fit a narrow definition of the scientific method.

          - AAPrescottUS September 12, 2008 9:23AM

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          • MrPogle
            We can do better than this

            "I could point out that science (consensus) is suggesting that 90%+ of energy and matter in the universe seems to be missing - we believe it is there because otherwise the equations don't work but we haven't been able to detect it."

            What on earth (or not) has this got to do with acupuncture? Don't tell me... here is some weird form of energy we don't fully understand; and so called 'energy' in acupuncture would, if it existed, also be something we don't understand therefore one explains the other!

            This ranks along with quantum mechanics being used to 'explain' all sorts of nonsense out there from being psychic to talking to the dead.

            I think we can do better than this.

            - MrPogleUS September 12, 2008 11:17AM

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            • AAPrescott
              There are more things in heaven....

              There is a basic difference in world view here. Chinese traditional thought is an amazing coherent system, the medicine is the application of the cosmological and philosophical system. So Qi, Yin/Yang, Five Phases describe the macrocosm and microcosm. This is mediaeval type thinking but I do not use that derogatively. Qi is the fundamental 'substance' of the universe that arises out of the void, matter is solidified Qi. Physiological Qi (the concern of medicine) is the motive force (electricity) of the living organism. You may find this preposterous, but I don't, I consider Western thought as suffereing from a bifurcation that occured in some hundreds of years ago that is referred to as the Cartesian division. The central question that divides many is: is the strange world of quantum physics something that only matters on the extremes, and our world is actually Newtonian to all intents and purposes or do the discoveries of modern physics actually have a bearing on the world we experience and perhaps begin to explain some of the anomalies that we actually experience.

              - AAPrescottUS September 12, 2008 12:05PM

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              • MrPogle
                Round and round we go

                I began reading your post and assumed you were writing a parody of yourself, but no, you're serious. Either way, to bring things back on topic, if any intervention, be it CAM or Western, claims to make any difference then this should be measurable, else how would the patient know that such a difference had been made? And this brings me right back to the original question asking for the results of such trials.

                - MrPogleUS September 12, 2008 12:28PM

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        • Aurora
          Actually I agree with you here

          I completely agree that I think that this sort of test would be the best way to do so. To have three test groups, all unaware of which group they are in, with a measurable issue, such as hypertension, or pain awareness, or even something that limits range of motion. Have one group treated with actual needle insertion in the right points (i.e. a genuine treatment), no electro, no other added modalities. Have the second group receive what would be a "genuine treatment" as far as using the right points, but not insert needles, rather use the newly created "study" needles that do not puncture the skin. And then have the third group where needles are inserted in Non-point, off meridian locations.

          That would be a good study.

          Also, being that my husband has treated myself, my family, friends and children, in non-office settings, with nothing but needles. No comfy table, no soothing music, in all kinds of odd locations and under odd circumstances, and still achieved the same results. The office settings just help people be more comfortable. But even in an uncomfortable setting I personally know that the needles still work.

          - Aurora September 12, 2008 9:23AM

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          • MrPogle
            Same old ame old

            This is called the placebo effect.

            You don't need the comfy surroundings, just a treatment, any treatment that you believe has an effect.

            - MrPogleUS September 12, 2008 11:20AM

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        • purekarm76
          more research needs to be done

          I had worked at Columbia University School of Nursing for 5 years on 2 NIH funded research studies testing the efficacy of Acupuncture in HIV+ related disorders. It was a double blinded controlled study where patients were randomly placed in either the real or control group. The study results are being written as we speak in FAVOR of Acupuncture and Moxibustion for Diarrhea. There were 2 other studies that are not finished but I can honestly say that I saw wonderful results in the patients that were receiving the treatments, as I was not blinded in this study.

          - purekarm76US September 12, 2008 2:40PM

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      • AAPrescott
        Pointless

        Actually just to clarify - I did not intend to say that they are pointless. I recognize their value. But I do see it as a very narrow application of scientific method that sometimes has problems in applicaton. There are political problems and practical problems. Heisenberg is said to have said that: "What we observe is not nature itself, but nature exposed to our method of questioning."

        - AAPrescottUS September 12, 2008 9:00AM

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      • JJM
        You are wrong, it is not pointless

        The point is that acupuncture always fails rigorous studies- so, rather than admit it is useless, you wish to argue that rigorous studies don't work. Rigorous studies are proven to work, acupuncture is not.

        - JJMUS September 18, 2008 3:44PM

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        • AAPrescott
          not pointless

          I was replying to a previous posting and my reply got displaced in the thread. I was saying that I DID NOT say they were pointless just limited.

          - AAPrescottUS October 8, 2008 1:35PM

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  • Edzard Ernst
    No solid proof

    Yes, there are plenty of articles - and if you summarize this evidence it amounts to very little evidence indeed: There is no solid proof that acupuncture is effective beyond a placebo effect for anything other than pain and nausea.

    - Edzard ErnstGB September 15, 2008 2:57AM

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    • devinv
      pain and nausea

      if you have ever been in serious pain, or been seriously nauseous, how could you hold this evidence in such low esteem? I'm half joking here, but I'm also half serious. The last time I was extremely nauseous and dry heaving, I would have taken anything to feel better. This is an important point. alleviating suffering is one of the highest callings, some would say the highest.

      - devinvUS September 18, 2008 11:42PM

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      • Aurora
        And also the majority of OTC pills

        The vast majority of medications people take are for pain management and digestive problems... hello? And yet they are not effective enough to keep people from seeking out something better, like acupuncture.

        - Aurora September 19, 2008 12:09PM

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        • JJM
          Hello?

          Do you have any reliable evidence that people benefit from acupuncture beyond placebo? That is the topic.

          - JJMUS September 19, 2008 1:03PM

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          • devinv
            hello?

            Well to be precise, the topic is whether or not acupuncture works, not, do you have any reliable evidence, with stress being on the word reliable. I understand that the gold standard for scientific knowledge is the double blind experimental study, and I venture to guess that is what you mean by reliable. The more I study acupuncture and the more I read about how it is being researched, the less sure I am that such studies will give an accurate representation of how effective acupuncture is. I'll have to see how it plays out. But for me the most reliable evidence has usually come from my own experience and that is what I'm basing my opinion on. Do you have any personal experience with acupuncture?

            - devinvUS September 26, 2008 9:09PM

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            • JJM
              Personal experience fools you

              We did not make progress in medicine till we realized how easily we fooled ourselves with "experience." "Experience" supported scalding, bleeding, purgatives (exceedingly unpleasant, toxic medications), trepaning (drilling holes in the skull) and much more. Scientifically controlled studies (and advances in the understanding of anatomy, physiology and pharmacology) showed us that was all nonsense.

              Well-done studies of acupuncture show that it is equally useless. I am underwhelmed by your claims of "experience."


              - JJMUS September 29, 2008 2:16PM

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              • devinv
                yikes

                I really was asking a question, you don't have to answer if you don't want to.

                - devinvUS September 30, 2008 1:11PM

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              • AAPrescott
                Experience

                You overstate the case considerably. Many major advances in modern medicine and public health occured without double blind controlled studies. Removing a handle from a pump on a London well brought cholera under control. Sugeons washing their hands before delivering babies after visiting the morgue reduced sepsis in pregnancy. All dismissed as cranks at the time.

                - AAPrescottUS October 8, 2008 1:40PM

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Regarding Objection
Systematic Reviews Show the Evidence is Negative
- From Steven Novella MD
No Side
By Steven Novella, MD - New England Skeptical Society

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  • MJL
    Understanding meta analyses

    There are 4 meta analyses done in 2008 examining the effect of acupuncture on IVF outcomes. 2 have been published, a third is about to be published as a Cockrane Review. The fourth is one done by researchers in Adelaide Australia, who published some of the acupuncture and IVF outcomes research in 2006 in Fertility and Sterility.
    3 out of the 4 show a significant positive effect for acupuncture.
    The only one to show a negative effect is the one mentioned by Steven Novella.

    This particular meta analysis included one trial of quite different design, which all the others excluded because it introduced such significant heterogeneity as to make a meta analysis unreliable.

    - MJLAU September 14, 2008 4:54AM

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    • JJM
      Study quality?

      So, explain to us how the one positive outcome (citation needed) is reliable, and compare it to the others (citations needed). Vague references to "studies" shield people, such as you, from scrutiny.

      I don't blame you for avoiding citations, others, who have given genuine references, have been embarrassed.

      - JJMUS September 19, 2008 1:13PM

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      • AAPrescott
        Negative Results?

        One curious thing is that a common protocol for acupuncture with IVF (obviously a modern protocol) includes the very points that have traditionaly been contra-indicated in pregancy (Spleen 6 and Large Intestine 4). I have not been able to find the rationale for this treatment explained, and it seems very peculiar to me - but it is interesting that actual negative results have been reported; i.e. increased misscarriage, in the recent meta-study.

        - AAPrescottUS October 8, 2008 1:51PM

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      • MJL
        Studies are published in reputable journals.

        I cant imagine why you think giving citations is embarrassing.

        FYI the references are

        1 Effects of acupuncture on rates of pregnancy and live birth among women undergoing in vitro fertilisation: systematic review and meta-analysis.
        Manheimer E et al. BMJ 2008;336 pg 545-549
        British Medical Journal

        describes a positive effect for acupuncture given to IVF patients

        2 Acupuncture and Assisted Conception
        Cheong Y et al, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews Nov 2008, Issue 4.
        Cochrane Review

        describes a positive effect for acupuncture given to IVF patients

        3 A Systematic Review and Meta -analysis of the effect of Acupuncture on Outcome of in Vitro Fertilisation Treatment
        El-Toukhy T et al BJOG 2008 115 (10); 1203 -13
        British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecolgy

        doesnt describe a positive effect for acupuncture given to IVF patients ........ since this analysis included a paper which was rejected by the other authors because of significant methodological differences.

        4 Meta analysis done by Prof Smith, UWS, Australia. Unpublished.
        describes a positive effect for acupuncture given to IVF patients

        - MJLAU November 4, 2008 12:15AM

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  • Steven Novella MD
    Dr. Novella is an academic clinical neurologist at Yale University School of Medicine. He is the president and co-founder of the New England Skeptical Society.... More

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